Question 1

Does a small p-value prove the alternative is true?

Accepted Answer

No. A p-value does not measure the probability that the null is true. It measures compatibility with the null under the model assumptions.

Question 2

What does one-sided versus two-sided mean?

Accepted Answer

One-sided tests look for effects in a specific direction. Two-sided tests consider extreme values in both directions.

Question 3

Why do p-values depend on assumptions?

Accepted Answer

Because the null distribution and variability assumptions determine how extreme your test statistic is under the model.

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